Docker Swarm vs MicroK8s

Docker Swarm is an open-source, free orchestration mode built into Docker Engine for managing clusters of Docker daemons in production. It is controlled through the Docker CLI and needs no separate orchestration software. Managers maintain a declarative desired state covering replica counts, networks, storage resources, and exposed ports. Services can be replicated across selected nodes or run globally with one task on every node. Overlay networks connect daemons, while an ingress network provides load balancing. Swarm assigns DNS names and supports virtual-IP load balancing or DNS round-robin discovery. Updates can roll out incrementally and roll back to an earlier service version. Nodes authenticate and encrypt communications with mutual TLS, requiring at least TLS 1.2. Overlay application traffic is not encrypted by default; IPsec encryption can reduce performance. Swarm is self-hosted, supports rolling updates and policy controls, and lacks multi-cluster management and autoscaling.

MicroK8s is a lightweight Kubernetes distribution that can run on a single node or scale to a high-availability production cluster. It is positioned for developer workstations, production, public clouds, edge deployments, IoT and embedded software-vendor platforms. The self-hosted distribution supports Linux, macOS and Windows, and packages upstream Kubernetes services in a minimal CNCF-certified distribution. Three or more nodes enable Dqlite-backed high availability and automatic recovery after a node failure. Strict confinement restricts workloads to explicitly granted files, system resources and hardware. Cluster API can automate cluster creation and lifecycle management through YAML manifests, including rolling HA upgrades. GPU workloads can use the NVIDIA GPU Operator, including NVIDIA Multi-Instance GPU. Official and community addons provide services such as DNS, certificate management, Prometheus, Istio and dashboards. Security updates apply automatically by default, with rollback on failure, and Kubernetes upgrades can be done with one command. MicroK8s has no license fees. Ubuntu Pro subscriptions are also listed, including $25 a year for a workstation subscription and $500 a year for a server subscription with unlimited VMs.